In This Changes Everything, Klein cites two sources for the 97% of climate scientists stat:
Doran and Zimmerman, “Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change” Eos 90 (2009)
Summary of findings: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2009EO030002
Review of Doran/Zimmerman study: http://www.garnautreview.org.au/update-2011/commissioned-work/the-‘scientigic-consensus-on-climate-change’.pdf
Author of review study: https://www.mq.edu.au/about_us/faculties_and_departments/faculty_of_arts/mhpir/staff/staff-politics_and_international_relations/emeritus_professor_murray_goot/
Anderegg et al. “Expert Credibility in Climate Change” nat’l academy of science (2010)
Study: http://www.pnas.org/content/107/27/12107
Review of study: https://journalistsresource.org/studies/environment/climate-change/expert-credibility
Here’s some more info/links for further insight:
https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/
http://www.opr.ca.gov/facts/list-of-scientific-organizations.html